Editing gets you badges.

This entirely depends on what you mean by "badges." Please show a screenshot/link of what you mean; because every different variant of "badges" is a completely different process.

I can't really get a visual example but it's those little rectangle boxes some people have on their profiles that have text that is like "This user ____", sorry if I'm not being specific enough.

The labels in the rectangular boxes come from several sources.

1. The User Right in the wiki (e.g., Administrator or Content Moderator)

2. Global roles (e.g., Fandom Star or Staff)

3. Tags assigned only within the wiki that do not normally exist on Fandom (e.g., President or Head of Content)

4. Information displayed through extensions (e.g., He or She)

I don't quite understand how you are not able to get a visual example. Are you not able to take a screenshot with your device? I assume you are asking about "badges" because you saw it somewhere. Either way, you further description was, unfortunately, not much more help. Here are some screenshots of my own where I have marked the various things that users might call "badges". Please let us know which one you are talking about.

In the following image, the yellow boxes indicate what may also be called user tags or profile tags. They are what NoPartyThisTime talked about in their reply. They are placed in the user masthead which is sometimes called the user profile because it contains the user's global profile information.

In the next image, the section boxed in the yellow box is an extension called Medals. These are manually awarded by local admins to users in recognition for various accomplishments. The portion of the user page (sometimes called profile page or profile but separate from the global profile content) which has been boxed in blue can take various forms. I couldn't find an example but usually it is a bit larger and says something like "This user is a friend of ----" or "This user likes ----". Either way, the part boxed in blue is just a local template.

The part boxed in yellow in this 3rd image is an extension known as Achievements. Users earn badges for making edits, uploading images, etc. Each badge earns points locally on the wiki. The points are not redeemable for anything.

Now we have to move to a different wiki to find an example of the last type of "badge". The two sections boxed in red in this last image are part of an extension referred to as Cheevos Achievements. This extension is similar to the Achievements extension in that badges and points are earned for tasks such as editing and uploading images. However, there are a few critical differences. For starters, this extension is available on Gamepedia wikis only. Only wikis which were moved from Gamepedia to Fandom as part of the server consolidation are permitted to have this extension. Second, the points system is global, not local. Third, although this isn't the case anymore, users with high enough levels used to be granted special perks on Gamepedia/Fandom. For example, a true no-ads experience rather than just the reduced-ads experience available to all registered users.

I got an example, here:

This is what I'm talking about

Thanks