IIRC, when this issue was mentioned here, I'm almost sure I checked the entire DOM, and the popup was indeed missing, not being generated. Before, it would appear in a separate div under the body (.mediawiki > .popover > .popover-body > .profile-hover), where it would never be constrained by any overflow rule of the page. Now, someone (no idea who) has probably fixed(?) the script to make the popup to be generated again, but inside the achievements module, in the right rail, where it's facing this little CSS problem. But I might be wrong, in the sense that the popup had just been moved to the right rail, and I failed to find it there.
Either way, nice catch and workaround. I hope Fandom kindly adds this tweak to their default CSS, so all wikis may have their badges properly working once again.