User:Norhanie

Punctuation

are marks commonly used in English grammar such as period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, semicolon, colon, dash, hyphen, parentheses, brackets, braces, apostrophe, quotation marks and ellipsis.

There are Two Punctuation styles:

Closed Punctuation

is most often used in formal texts like reports, theses and dissertations term papers.

Ex. 1) Dear Sally, “Mr. Jason Dapat”

Open Punctuation

Is more commonly used in personal theses and dissertations term papers.

Ex. 1) The door remained closed yet to someone who tried to keep quiet was definitely there.

Punctuating Abbreviations

1. Periods are always used with Latin abbreviations, but not with contration, for abbreviation in general, US and UK English differ from each other.

2. A period usually ends abbreviation of a title or names of institution

Mr. Mrs. Co. Inc.

But periods can be omitted after professional and personal tittles.

Mr  Ms  Prof  Dr

And names of institutions and countries

USA       BPI         DPWH      ASEAN

3. Three-initial of person’s name often used within institution may not have periods are always unspaced but when the first and middle name initials used with surnames, may have space and periods.

Ex. FDR=Franklin Delano Rosevelt

T.S. Eliot

Punctuating Titles

1. Use double quotation marks for tittles of poems, essay, short stories and songs.

Ex. We are tired listening to you singing “Top of the world”

2. Place a comma between parts of literacy or musical works.

3. Don’t use a period after tittle or heading

Punctuating Lists

1. Use a colon to introduce a list

To apply for student Driver’s license, you need to show:

A.Original Copy of Birth Certificate

B.Valid I.D

2. Use a period for numbers and letters marking items in a list formatted vertically

Success in writing a thesis requires:

A.Discipline

B.Hard work

C.perseverance

4. Series of short related sentences may be punctuated with a comma or a semicolon.

Ex. 1) I came. I saw. I conquered.

I came. I saw. I conquered.

I came. I saw. I conquered.

Question mark

A question mark is used to end a direct interrogative sentence even if it is in the declarative form.

Ex. 1) Do you have any concern?

2) He liked me?

Exclamation point or mark

1. An exclamation is used to end an exclamatory sentence even if it is in the declarative or interrogative form.

Ex. 1) That's impossible!

2) Look behind you!

2. It is also used after an interjection.

Ex. 1) Hooray!

3. It is used to end a strong imperative.

Ex. 1) Faster! Get out of the car now!

4. To signify a surprised, empathic tone of voice, an exclamation point may also be used.

Ex. 1) oh, there she is!

Ellipsis points

Are used to indicate an unfinished/ incomplete sentence.

Ex. 1) If you open your third eye, would you...

Punctuating within a sentence

Semicolon

A semicolon is place before such words as for example, namely, for instance, etc.

Ex. 1) The major requirements of this course are only very few; namely, term paper, compendium of tasks and the major exams.

Punctuating the end of the sentence

Comma

1. Use a general comma to indicate a pause or a set of pauses setting off a word, phrase or clause from the rest of the sentence.

Ex. 1) However, the man refused to settle the bill with the manager.

2) However the man, refuse to settle the bill with the manager.

2.Put a comma to set off adjectival phrase and adverbial elements from the main sentence.

Ex. 1) You should, at the very list, set your priorities.

3.Transition word and phrases

Ex. 1) Interestingly enough, even scientist admit that there are events in this world they can never explain.

Appositives (set off by a pair of comma)

Ex. 1) Dr. Ruiz, a well-known surgeon, advised for the patients immediate operation.

Names of person directly addressed.

Ex. 1) Mrs. Villamor, I'm glad you are here.

Words or phrases in a list.

Ex. 1) For the midterm exam, you need to prepare a pencil, eraser and calculator.

BRACKETS

Are used to clarify meaning or provide a technical explanation within the text

BRACES

Are mostly used in computer programming and mathematical equation

PARENTHESIS

Are used to contain qualifying remarks or further information

Apostrophe, Qoutation Marks, Ellipses

These three punctuation marks are used at the end of the sentence.

APOSTROPHE

It is used to denote omission of a letter or letters or the possessive case.

QOUTATION MARKS

It is used to mark a section of text as a quotation, dialogue or a standout word or phrase.

ELLIPSES

It is used when leaving out a word, phrase, sentence, paragraph etc. from a question.

In Creative writing, it represents a trailing off implies there is more to come.