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The 2016 election was the 58th quadrennial presidential election. It was between Democratic nominee former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Republican nominee Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker. Secretary Clinton won a majority of the popular vote along with 368 electoral votes carrying 31 states plus D.C.
 * percentage3 = 11%

Throughout the second decade of the 21st century, the United States continued its tepid recovery from the Great Recession of 2008. It continued to suffer from massive debt, huge deficits, and unemployment above 6%. In 2012, it re-elected president Barack Obama to continue stabalizing the economy and to oversee the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, nicknamed Obamacare. In Obama's second term, Congress continued to block legislation, but the recovery grew at an increasing rate. Obama issued several executive orders relating to immigration, and campaign contribution limits. By the beginning of 2015, unemployment had fallen below 6%, along with his approval rating hitting 50% for the first time in 5 years.

Overall, the Obama Administration was plagued by government shutdowns, and an uncooperative congress, as he was still criticized for failing to enforce gun safety, radically reform the tax-code, address climate change, regulate Wall Street or change the polarization in Washington. He was also criticized by Democrats for not acting boldly enough on immigration, and was blamed for the loss of control of the Senate in the 2014 Midterms.

Secretary Clinton promised to continue the recovery without giveaway tax breaks or cutting entitlement programs. Early polls showed Clinton with a large lead over any Republican challenger, however the candidacy of Walker fueled speculations that he would split the Midwestern blue-collar vote. However, by early October when it was clear that this was not going to happen, and that Secretary Clinton was more than certainly going to win, attention focused once again on the 2016 Congressional races.

Nominations Democratic Nomination Democratic Candidates (in order of results)

1. Hillary Clinton (68), former Secretary of State and Senator from New York (Nominee) 2. Bernie Sanders (75), Senator from Vermont [withdrew on 3/19/16] 3. Joe Biden (74), Vice President [withdrew on 3/18/16] 4. Martin O'Malley (53), former Governor of Maryland [withdrew on 5/14/16] 5. Jim Webb (70), former Senator from Virginia [withdrew on 3/1/16] 6. Lincoln Chafee (60), former Governor of Rhode Island [withdrew on 1/7/16] 1 of 6

Early speculation and polls showed Secretary Clinton was a front-runner, and she remained so. When she confirmed her decision to run in December 2014. Many prominent Democrats who had set up exploratory committees such as New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, former Vermont Governor Howard Dean and New York Senator Kirsten Gillibrand declared that they would not run. Clinton's chances grew even greater when popular Progressive Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren declined not to run. Many were surprised when Vice President Joe Biden declared his intention to run against Clinton. Common wisdom had been that he was far too old, and that Hillary would have no real competition. By the first debates in late 2015, the primary field consisted of Secretary Clinton, Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders, former Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley, Vice President Joe Biden and former Virginia Senator Jim Webb. Though Sanders brought Clinton a strong challenge from Vermont, his lack of funding torpedoed his campaign. After Clinton won both Iowa and New Hampshire, the primaries became a mere formality and she was quickly determined to be the Democratic nominee.

Although many speculated that she would select either New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, Colorado Senator Michael Bennet or longtime ally Virginia Governor Terry McAuliffe as her running mate, Hillary Clinton surprised many by choosing two term House Representative Joaquín Castro instead. Many criticized the selection, accusing Castro of being too inexperienced, Clinton of cynically pandering to Hispanics and comparing the selection to John McCain's 2008 choosing of Sarah Palin. However, he was successfully nominated as the Democratic candidate for Vice president at the Democratic convention in Philadelphia.

Republican Nomination Republican Candidates (in order of results)

1. Scott Walker (48), Governor of Wisconsin (Nominee) 2. Jeb Bush (64), former Governor from Florida 3. Donald Trump, real estate mogul from New York 4.Marco Rubio (45), Senator from Florida 5. Ted Cruz, Senator from Texas 6. John Kasich, Governor of Ohio 7. Mike Huckabee (60), former Governor from Arkansas 8. Rand Paul, Senator from Kentucky 9. Chris Christie, Governor of New Jersey 10. Lindsay Graham, Senator from South Carolina 11. Ben Carson (64), former surgeon from Maryland 12. Rick Santorum (58), former Senator from Pennsylvania 13. Bobby Jindal (44), former Governor from Louisiana 14. Carly Fiorina (61), businesswoman from California 15. George Pataki, former Governor of New York 16. Jim Gilmore, former Governor of Virginia 1 of 12

The Republican Presidential Primary was a messy divisive affair even more aggressive than 2012, with all the candidates pushing each other further to the right than the general electorate.

There ended up being three main coalitions in the party. The first was the socially conservative Tea Party wing with backing from outside groups like the Club for Growth, the Heritage Foundation and talk-radio personalities like Rush Limbaugh and Mark Levin. They struggled to fixate on a single candidate, jumping between Senator Ted Cruz, Governor Scott Walker, billionaire Donald Trump and former surgeon Ben Carson. The second coalition was dubbed the moderate wing and was represented by former Florida Governor Jeb Bush, Ohio Governor John Kasich and New Jersey Governor Chris Christie. It was commonly acknowledged among pundits that Jeb Bush was sufficiently popular with political Centrists to be able to win enough Democratic and Independent voters in a general election to win the presidency. However he was thoroughly disliked by the Republican base, many of whom still refused to forgive him for his criticisms of the party in 2012 and 2013. Finally there was the Libertarian fiscally conservative coalition which was based around Kentucky Senator Rand Paul.

Rubio had to effectively resign his Senate seat in his decision to run for President as his seat was up for reelection and state laws prohibited him from running for two offices at once.

At the beginning of the campaign, Rubio suffered heavily due to his past leadership on legislation reforming immigration. Attacked for granting amnesty to thousands of illegal immigrants, his campaign floundered, but his defense of himself during the debates attracted many Moderates who saw him as a viable alternative to Bush. Meanwhile with Ted Cruz, Scott Walker, Bobby Jindal and Donald Trump all vying for the Conservative vote, support was split and a forerunner failed to come to front.

The results of the Iowa caucus stunned many when Donald Trump won a surprise victory, with Walker in second place and Bush in third. Trump's victory was largely under the radar as he was the unintended beneficiary when the heavy-weight contestants blitzed a negative campaign war on each other leading him to be the narrow winner in Iowa. However his time in the limelight was short-lived. The very next day the New Hampshire primary was won by Bush, with Walker in second and Christie third. At this point, it seemed as if the race was wide open and anyone's to win.

The South Carolina primary was preceded by a fractious debate where Donald Trump lost his temper with his opponents' constant attacks on his credentials and exploded into a diatribe against the Republican base. He told the room that he was proud of his accomplishments and that he was resentful of Christian Conservatives. Cruz countered him in an eloquent defense of Conservative values. Cruz went on to win South Carolina. Walker then won Florida and Nevada. Bolstered by string of successes in the early states, the campaign's of Walker, Cruz and Bush went into Super Tuesday carrying equivalent momentum. When it became clear that Walker had the momentum, he came to the forefront as the Conservative favorite. The support of Cruz and Bush fizzled out. Trump refused to drop out. Heavily financed and favored in the North East, Trump won primaries in many blue states and acquired a pularlaity of delegates.

Though Bush had a slight plurality of delegates, the lack of any majority in August resulted in a convention in Cleveland, Ohio, never to be forgotten. Marco Rubio acted as kingmaker, pledging his sliver of delegates to Walker. This triggered a floor fight as angry Bush supporters claimed that the nomination was being stolen by the Washington D.C. crowd. When Walker eventually won the nomination on the first round, the Bush delegates staged a walkout. Marco Rubio won the Vice Presidential nomination.

General Election Campaign The results of the controversial Republican nomination attracted national media attention throughout the incoming months. This left the campaign of Secretary Clinton low key and out of the spotlight, but left the Republican Party fractured as many Bush supporters tried to draft him as a third party candidate. However, this did not occur and Bush eventually endorsed the Republican ticket.

During the general election campaign Walker's main arguments against Clinton were that she would be a continuation of the Obama Administration's debt-growing and big-spending policies. His policies focused on the economy, promising to dismantle Obamacare and cut entitlement spending. He was bombastic and aggressive, accusing her of being another gun-grabbing socialist. He also mentioned her role in the 2012 Benghazi attack on numerous occasions in an effort to cast doubt on her trustworthiness.

Clinton on the other hand, portrayed Walker as a devilish individual who would do anything to gain power. She effectively reminding the nation that he persued the limitations of collective bargaining among public employees in Wisconsin. Clinton also went out of her way to remind women that Walker signed a 20 week abortion ban in July 2015. She promised to take meaningful action on the War on Drugs and further extend Healthcare benefits. Her foreign policy proposals and hawkishness were uncontested. Bill Clinton made an impact on the campaign trail, appearing many times on her behalf to explain their differences in policy. Obama vigorously campaigned on Clinton's behalf in districts where he remained popular.

The media focused on the large age-gap between the two candidates and how their sex and ethnicity would effect the women and minority.

In October, aggregate polls showed Clinton nine percentage points above Walker, with her winning majority support from minorities, women and blue-collar workers. As her victory seemed inevitable, energized Democrats and disenthused Republicans focused their attention and money on the 2016 Congressional races.

Results Secretary Clinton won a majority of the popular vote along with 368 electoral votes carrying 31 states. Notable to the electoral map were her surprise narrow victories in Missouri, Arkansas and West Virginia, states that had been thought lost to the Democrats. Walker's goal of uniting the Midwest to vote Conservative failed as Clinton won Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois and even Walker's home state of Wisconsin.

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