User:Ararare/作業場１

この作業場について
本当は許可なく人の作業場を編集するのはマナー違反とみなされるけど、この文が書かれているうちはみんな自由に編集していいよ！間違えても履歴が残っているから練習も兼ねてどんどんやっちゃって. 英語の原文はなるべく残しておいてね.

可能な限り、編集内容を説明してくださいのところは書いてくれると、後の人が辿りやすいよ. 自分の作業場作りたい人向け(User:Ararare/作業場の作り方)

ジェンダー・アイデンティティ・ガイドライン
Fandomは多様なコミュニティとwikiの集まっている場所です. 現実や創作を問わず、ここにはさまざまな事柄に関する情報があります. いずれの場合においても、それに関わる個人や出来事を記録したり説明したりする際は、慎重に、そして適切に、なされる必要があります.

社会全体として会話が繰り返され変化し続けている文化的な話題について、このことは特に大切となります. ジェンダー・アイデンティティ（Gender Identity/性自認/性同一性）は、そのような話題の重要な例です. 私たちの社会は、ノンバイナリーやトランスジェンダーの人たちの排除をやめ、よりよく理解していこうと変わりつつあります. 同時に、ポップカルチャーにおいてもまた、ノンバイナリーやトランスジェンダーの方たちを描いたり、ジェンダー・アイデンティティについて会話したりすることも増えてきました.

neko notes
user:Anarchistneko♥
 * 「私たち」（漢字）
 * 「ジェンダー・アイデンティティ」で統一
 * Fandomはアルファベット表記の方がいいかも. (see: Fandomを選ぶこと)

Gender Identity Guidelines
Fandom is a diverse place, both in terms of our community and in the breadth of content that our wikis chronicle. Whether the topic at hand takes place in a real world setting or in a fictional construct, it is important to document and describe individuals and events sensitively and appropriately.

This is particularly true when it comes to cultural topics that are being discussed by and evolving in society at large. Gender identity is a prime example of this. As society has become more inclusive and understanding of individuals who are non-binary and transgender, representation of these individuals and discussion about gender identity has likewise increased across pop culture.

Introduction & Purpose
私たちの社会でノンバイナリーやトランスジェンダーである人たちに関する表象が増えるにつれ、Fandomでもそういったキャラクターについてどのような議論や描写をすることが適切なのかスタッフに質問が届くようになりました. これらFandomのコミュニティの人たちは、インクルーシヴで適切な言葉を使うことを大切だと認識しています. しかし、社会認識が広がるにつれて、新しい用語が生まれたり、以前使われていた用語が使用されなくなったり、スティグマ化されたりすることが度々起こる現代では、時にどの言葉を用いるのが適切なのかを判断することが難しい場合があります.

これを理由に、Fandomは2021年の春に15人のメンバーからなるパネルを設置し、ジェンダー・アイデンティティに関するトピックについて、どのようにコミュニティを導くべきか議論を重ねました. このパネルは多様な個人からなり、ノンバイナリーやトランスジェンダーコミュニティの一員である人たちも含まれています. また、このトピックについて経験の深い外部専門家もパネルメンバーとして参加しています.

ここには、Fandomにおいて最も適切な慣習と、Fandomコミュニティにおいてジェンダー・アイデンティティに関するトピックをどのように扱うべきかの指針が記されています. この文書は、このコミュニティのメンバーにとって教育的なガイドでありつつ、頻繁に挙げられる質問に対しての明確な答えを提示することが目的とされています. この文書は多くの事柄を含んではいるものの、全ての案件や質問を網羅しているわけではないです. 更なるサポートが必要な場合は Fandomのスタッフにリクエストを送ってください.

また、この文書は更なる改訂が行われる場合があります. 特にこれらトピックは丁寧な議論が日々なされ、より洗練されています. これらの議論により、私たちのガイドラインもまた改訂がなされるでしょう. また、この文書の発表時には想定していなかった新たな例や FAQが改訂により追加されることも考えられます.

As non-binary and transgender representation increased across intellectual properties, some of Fandom's top communities began to ask for advice from Fandom Staff on how to handle written descriptions and social discussions of characters who are non-binary or transgender. These communities recognized the importance of finding proper, inclusive language in their descriptions. But as society grows in its understanding, sometimes it is difficult to know exactly what the proper and right things to write are, especially in an era where terminologies can quickly become outmoded or stigmatized.

For that reason, in the Spring of 2021, Fandom put together a fifteen-member panel to discuss how we can best guide our communities on the topic of gender identity. This panel was staffed by a diverse set of individuals - including members of the non-binary and transgender communities. This panel also included outside experts with lived experience in this particular topic.

The following document represents Fandom's best practices and guidance for dealing with gender identity in Fandom communities. This document is meant to serve as an educational guide for our members and provide clear answers to commonly asked questions. While this document is extensive, it can not cover every use case or question our communities may have. You are always free to reach out to Fandom Staff to request further help.

Additionally, please note that this document will be subject to further revisions. This topic in particular is getting better refined and respectfully discussed with every passing day, and it is likely that these discussions may result in updating our best practices from time to time. This document may also have future revisions added with extra examples or FAQs not anticipated at the original publication of this document.

本ガイドラインで用いる用語の定義
まず重要なのは、「ジェンダー gender」のはっきりとした定義から始めることです. ここでは、Fandomのパネルメンバーの決定に従い、イギリス政府の用いている定義にならいます.


 * ［ジェンダーとは、］「おとこらしさ masculinity」と「おんならしさ femininity」という類型に基づく、行動の様式や特性に関する社会的な構築. ジェンダー・アイデンティティは、その人に個人的かつ内在的な、自己に関する認識の一つである. それゆえ、ある人がアイデンティティを実感するジェンダーの類型は、その人が出生時に割り当てられたセックス("sex assigned at birth")と対応するとは限らない. つまり、ある個人は男性、女性、ジェンダーがない、あるいはノンバイナリーなジェンダーである、などと自己を認識しうる. 

ジェンダーに関する会話や定義によっては、「セックス sex」に言及される場合もあります. セックスは、例えば解剖学的構造や、ホルモン、細胞、染色体などに観察される生物学的な差異を示すと、通常は理解されています. セックスはその人のジェンダー・アイデンティティと対応する場合もしない場合もあります. ただし、医療に関する会話を除けば、ジェンダーではなくセックスに言及する必要のある場面は殆どありません.

その他、本ガイドラインで用いる用語は、以下のようになります.


 * シスジェンダー (cisgender)：人格的なアイデンティティやジェンダーに関する実感が、出生時に割り当てられたセックス と対応する人を形容する 表現.
 * トランスジェンダー (transgender)：人格的なアイデンティティやジェンダーに関する実感が、出生時に割り当てられたセックスと対応しない人を形容する表現.
 * ノンバイナリー (non-binary)：「男性」「女性」に限らない、場合によってはこのような伝統的な二元論的ジェンダー理解では説明することのできないジェンダー・アイデンティティ、またはそれに関すること.
 * インターセックス (intersex)：セックスは、連続的な線分で理解される. この線分の両極は、伝統的に「男 male」と「女 female」と言及されてきた. インターセックスとは、この線分のいずれの端でもない、セックスに関する特徴や生殖に関する解剖学的構造のある人たちのことを広くあらわす表現である. なお、このスペクトラムのいずれかの端に近いセックスの人は、「ペリセックス perisex」や「ノン・インターセックス non-intersex」と表現される. ペリセックスの人たちの身体の発達の仕方と比較すると、インターセックスの人たちの生殖器や、ホルモン、体内の解剖学的構造、染色体などは多様でありうる.
 * トランジション/性別移行 (transition)：ある人がトランジション中であるということは、出生時に割り当てられた性別ではなく、その人のジェンダー・アイデンティティに基づいた生活を始めた、ということを意味する. トランジションをしないトランスジェンダーの人もいるが、多くの人は人生のいずれかの地点でトランジションしている. トランジションの仕方は各当事者によって異なるが、服装、容姿、身体、名前、人称代名詞（she/her、he/him、they/them ）の変更などが例としてあげられる.
 * デッドネーム (deadname)：トランスジェンダーの人がトランジション開始後に使用をやめた、出生時に与えられた名前. ただし、トランジションする人のすべてが名前を変更するわけではないことに注意する必要がある.
 * ミスジェンダリング (misgendering)：ある人を、その人のジェンダー・アイデンティティに対応しない表現を用いて言及すること. 特に人称代名詞や敬称 などを誤ることを通じてなされる. ミスジェンダリングは、頻繁に、トランスジェンダーの人への攻撃として用いられる.

訳註


neko notes
user:Anarchistneko♥
 * 色々文句言いたいけど、とりあえずは最低限の訳注だけつけて、あとは素直に訳しました.
 * genderの定義、sexの定義、non-binary, intersex、transitionの説明らへんはすごく気になる.
 * sexとgenderは「一致」じゃなくて「対応」で統一.
 * 「同一性」という語は避け、「アイデンティティ」で統一.
 * 可能な限り「持つ」ではなく「ある」.
 * maleは「男」、manは「男性」としました. 同様に、femaleは「女」、womanは「女性」としました.

Key Definitions
First, it is important to start with a clear definition of gender. Our panel chose to use the United Kingdom government's definition, where gender is:


 * a social construction relating to behaviours and attributes based on labels of masculinity and femininity; gender identity is a personal, internal perception of oneself and so the gender category someone identifies with may not match the sex they were assigned at birth; where an individual may see themselves as a man, a woman, as having no gender, or as having a non-binary gender.

Discussions or definitions of gender sometimes also involve reference to a person's 'sex', which is commonly understood to designate biological differences. These biological differences can be observed in anatomy, hormones, cells, or chromosomes and may, or may not, align with each other, or with the person's gender. Outside of medical concerns, it is rare that there is a need to discuss someone's sex when the discussion should instead be about gender.

Other terms we will use throughout this guide are:


 * Cisgender - an adjective describing a person whose sense of personal identity and gender corresponds with the sex they were assigned at birth.
 * Transgender - an adjective describing a person whose sense of personal identity and gender does not correspond with the sex they were assigned at birth.
 * Non-binary - denoting or relating to a gender identity that is not exclusive to 'male' or 'female' and may not be defined in terms of this traditional binary opposition at all.
 * Intersex - Intersex is an umbrella term for people with differences in sex traits or reproductive anatomy that occur at points between the extremes of the sex spectrum - these extremes are traditionally denoted as 'male' and 'female' sex. People who fall close to either extreme are perisex (non-intersex). There are many possible differences in intersex genitalia, hormones, internal anatomy, or chromosomes, compared to the ways that perisex bodies develop.
 * Transition - transitioning is the time period during which a person begins to live according to their gender identity, rather than the gender they were assigned at birth. While not all transgender people transition, a great many do at some point in their lives. Gender transition looks different for every person. Steps in a gender transition may include changing your clothing, appearance, body, name, or the pronoun people use to refer to you ('she'/'her', 'he'/'him' and 'they'/'them').
 * Deadname - the name that a transgender person was given at birth and no longer uses upon transitioning. It should be noted that not every transitioning individual changes their name.
 * Misgendering - referring to someone using a word, especially a pronoun or form of address, that does not correctly reflect the gender with which they identify. Misgendering is often used as a form of aggression against a transgender individual.

Note that it is wise to stick to using the terminology above and not use additional terms, as those terminologies may be offensive or outdated.

General Style Guide
Below are some general, simple guidelines we'd recommend taking into account when creating content on our communities:

Being transgender, non-binary or any other form of gender identity is not an 'issue' and should not be referred to as such.
 * Do not use any outdated binary labels (ex. 'FTM'/'MTF', 'female-to-male'/'male-to-female') unless that character specifically uses that label themself. Instead use labels that affirm their gender, e.g. 'trans woman' or 'trans man' or 'non-binary person'.
 * Avoid using the phrase 'identifies as' or similarly worded phrases - simply use the word 'is'.
 * Do not use the term 'preferred pronouns' as this implies that they are somehow not real or that they are optional to use. Simply use 'pronouns'.
 * Use 'whose gender identity does not match the gender they/she/he were/was assigned at birth' (commonly abbreviated as AGAB) instead of 'born as the wrong sex / born in the wrong body'.
 * Use 'assigned female/male at birth' (common short form 'AFAB' or 'AMAB') instead of 'biological woman/man' or 'biologically female/male'.
 * Do not use transgender as a noun. It is an adjective. For example, 'a transgender person/woman/man', 'transgender people/women/men'.
 * Likewise being transgender, non-binary or any other form of gender identity is not a mental or behavioural disorder.
 * Deadnaming is disallowed on our network unless there is a specific, justifiable reason for inclusion in relation to a fictional character. Being transgender by itself does not count as such a reason. (We will address this topic in more depth in the next section.)

Previous Identity
As stated earlier in this document, a deadname is a name a transgender person was given at birth and no longer uses. For an individual, changing their name - if they so choose - is a very important and sensitive step when it comes to sharing themself with those around them.

Unfortunately, deadnaming is a common form of aggression and discrimination that transgender people face.

In the spring of 2021, Fandom made the decision to explicitly prohibit deadnaming of real-life individuals on our website. If an actor, artist, director, or any other real-life individual states that they should be referred to by a different name, it is important to change references on your wiki to reflect this. A previous deadname is allowed to redirect (using the MediaWiki #REDIRECT syntax) to the proper name, but no other use of that name should appear on the site. This issue is more complex when it involves a fictional character. When referenced in canon, transitioning and the deadname can often become important plot points and part of a character's arc. Additionally, if a character transitions in a later season of a TV show, it may become confusing to newer viewers to see a completely different name attached to a character that they know only by the deadname.

To that end, we would recommend:


 * If the character is introduced post-transition, only ever refer to that character by the name they are introduced as and use the appropriate pronouns.
 * If a character transitions at a point of time in the middle of canon:
 * Move the character's article page to the appropriate title.
 * At the top of the character's page, you may designate the character's deadname as part of the introduction. We would recommend using the terminology "(previously referred to as X)".
 * Avoid using the deadname for the rest of the article and continue to use the proper pronouns regardless of whether describing the character before or after transition.
 * If the character, pre-transition, is mentioned by name on an episode/book/level page, use their proper name with a singular reference to their previous name to help add clarity. For example - "X (referred to in this episode under the name 'Y')". For the entirety of that article, use the actual name and again use the proper pronouns.

Pronouns
When an individual - a fictional character or real-life person - states the pronouns they should be identified by, it is expected that all references to the individual on a wiki should match.

If the individual does not clearly state their pronouns, the following should be assumed:


 * An individual who declares himself to be a transgender man should ultilize he/him. This is regardless of where he is in his transition.
 * An individual who declares herself to be a transgender female should utilize she/her. This is regardless of where she is in her transition.
 * Individuals who declare themselves to be gender non-binary should utilize they/them.

In fictional worlds, hints or allusions are sometimes used before a character is revealed to be transgender or non-binary. However, without a definitive statement of identification from the character, it is proper to defer to how the character is generally portrayed by others in the setting. For instance, if others refer to the character by using 'he/him' pronouns, until the character declares something that would contradict that, he should continue to be referred to as such.

If a character has never had a clear pronoun used to refer to them, and never stated their pronouns themselves, the default pronouns used should be "they" and "them" - this is natural English language for a person you don't know the gender of. E.g. "They first appeared in episode three of the second season."

Some IPs or individuals may use different pronouns rather than the traditional English 'he'/'she'/'they'. Proponents of utilizing these different pronouns, often called 'neopronouns', cite these as being more inclusive. While we would recommend our content creators be generally aware of the most common neopronouns - a good resource can be found here -  - we would also recommend utilizing the cisnormative pronoun set unless the IP/individual in question clearly uses a set of neopronouns.

Lastly, always remember when in doubt, pronouns are not needed. Pronouns are helpful shortcuts that exist in language but they are not compulsory. It is possible to write about individuals by solely relying on using their names.