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Changing the name of multiple personality disorder to dissociative identity disorder [was] to place the correct emphasis on the failure to integrate aspects of identity, memory, and consciousness rather than the apparent proliferation of "personalities."

Identities (dissociative identity states - DIS) have different psychobiological differences; regional cerebral blood flow data revealed different neural networks to be associated with different processing; psychobiological parameters tested were cardiovascular responses (heart rate, blood pressure, heart rate variability) and regional cerebral blood flow as determined with H215O positron emission tomography.

In studies published since 2006


 * 1.1% of women in the general population were diagnosed as having Dissociative Identity Disorder


 * 6% of psychiatric outpatients were diagnosed as having Dissociative Identity Disorder


 * 14% of emergency psychiatric admissions were diagnosed as having Dissociative Identity Disorder.

88.6% of the patients were women (...) Childhood physical or sexual abuse was reported by 77.1% of the patients. The mean Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) score was 49.1. The patients reported an average of 12.5 somatic symptoms, 6.2 Schneiderian symptoms, 10.0 secondary features of the disorder, 3.8 borderline personality disorder criteria, and 4.1 extrasensory experiences.

The Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID) is a 218-item, self-administered, multiscale instrument that comprehensively assesses the phenomenological domain of pathological dissociation and diagnoses the dissociative disorders. The MID measures 14 major facets of pathological dissociation; it has 23 dissociation diagnostic scales that simultaneously operationalize (1) the subjective/ phenomenological domain of pathological dissociation and (2) the hypothesized dissociative symptoms of dissociative identity disorder (...) The MID demonstrated internal reliability, temporal stability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and construct validity (...) both the MID's 168 dissociation items and the construct of pathological dissociation have a second-order, unifactorial structure.

Hypnosis can be useful in teaching patients about the dissociative nature of their symptoms by helping them to gain control over transitions among personality states, with the goal of improving internal communication and integrating disparate aspects of their identity.