User:Joohee Kang

What is the Deepfake?

Deep learning is one sort of AI technology, the autonomous system of intelligence, and deep fake video is a fake high realistic video using deep learning technology. The video publisher uses deep learning technology to make a fake video that does not happen before. Deep learning technology helps deep fake video could use neural networks that are comprised of enormous information to learn to mimic specific persons’ characteristics. (Westernlund, 2019) Deepfake videos tend to make fake information with false intentions by composing faces with deep learning technology. The public could not distinguish the deep fake video because this AI technology is sophisticated. Since we live in a digital era, this fake video can be released all around the globe in a short time through social network services (SNS). Deepfake video became popular for this reason.

The range of using deep fake technology has expanded with increasing the victims ranges as not only the ordinary people but also the politicians. The main targets of them are politicians, celebrities, and corporate leaders. Most of those videos are related to social satire, gags, and porn. The public could see those videos easily throughout the media platform or the SNS such as YouTube and Twitter. (Westernlund, 2019) Tremendous numbers of victims suffered because of the porn video, and the ordinary people also suffered because general people also can make the deep fake video with the mobile application such as Face App and ZAO Deepfake App. Actually, a 330% increase in the deepfake videos is finding out on online from July 2019 to June 2020. (Kugler, 2021) There are many sexualized deep fake videos, and lots of woman celebrities have existed in the porn video market. Emma Watson, Gal Gadot, Taylor Swift, Meghan Markle, and Scarlett Johansson are representative women celebrity victims of the deep fake video. (Fido et al., 2022)

However, in addition to that, deep fake has been exploiting not only porn videos but the false news. The appearance period of the false news is the 13th century, and it was used prevalently during WW1 and WW2. From the 13th century, some people published false news to spread misinformation for gaining profits. Nowadays, they started making false news by using AI technology through the 'deep fake' to make more reliable news by using video material. Since the influence of false news is enormous, we must have to prevent the chaos caused by the wrong information. In the case of deep fake videos, they enhance their quality by creating deep fakes and learning the flaw continuously. This is the reason why the deep fake is hard to distinguish from the truth, and finally, it threatens journalism. (Visozo et al.,2021)

Adapting to the digital era, the government should accelerate its discussion regarding building deepfake regulation. Deep fake videos nowadays can be distinguished relatively easily when people observed the video currently. However, the public might not identify the fake video easily because the technology will be keep developed. (Cavuoto, 2019) For this reason, experts and politicians should pay attention carefully to this issue. The AI experts should try to develop the technology to identify fake videos. In the case of Facebook, they hosted a ‘Deepfake Detection Challenge’ to find out the solutions, and more than 2000 participants participated in this challenge. (Ullrich, 2021) Meanwhile, the politicians should strengthen the regulations on fake videos, and protect the citizens from the chaos due to the deep fake video.

Society should highlight the range of the victims and should consider their mental damage. The public tends to think lightly about talking badly about the celebrities, and the women celebrities are often used in the deepfake porn video. (Fido et al., 2022) The public should enhance their civic consciousness and observe the rules of etiquette online. This paragraph will end with two meaningful questions. First, what regulation would be helpful to regulate the deepfake video? Second, how can we delete all the fake porn videos that already spread?

We must pay attention to protecting the victims by regulating those applications also. However, we also need to figure out the misinformation due to the deep fake. By considering the questions that I mentioned earlier, we must try to find out the regulations altogether.

References

Cavuoto. (2019). The Era of Disinformation: Deep Fakes. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.

Fido, Rao, J., & Harper, C. A. (2022). Celebrity status, sex, and variation in psychopathy predicts judgements of and proclivity to generate and distribute deepfake pornography. Computers in Human Behavior, 129, 107141–. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107141

Kugler, & Pace, C. (2021). DEEPFAKE PRIVACY: ATTITUDES AND REGULATION. Northwestern University Law Review, 116(3), 611–680.

Ullrich. (2021). Is This Video Real? The Principal Mischief of Deepfakes and How the Lanham Act Can Address It. Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems, 55(1), 1–56.

Vizoso, Vaz-Alvarez, M., & Lopez-Garcia, X. (2021). Fighting Deepfakes: Media and Internet Giants’ Converging and Diverging Strategies Against Hi-Tech Misinformation. Media and Communication (Lisboa), 9(1), 291–300. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i1.3494

Westerlund. (2019). The Emergence of Deepfake Technology: A Review. Technology Innovation Management Review, 9(11), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1282