User:Bipolar disorders2021

Bipolar disorders

Bipolarity is a disorder that has existed for many centuries, but it was not until the 19th century that it was defined as such. Nowadays bipolar disorders represent 1% to 3% of the population, but if we broaden the term bipolarity it can be extended to 4 to 5% of the population.

What are bipolar disorders?

Bipolar disorders are primary alterations of the affective state, they present a stable and prolonged psychopathology, therefore, the treatment will be lifelong, because these patients will have a high recurrence, i.e. they will present several episodes in their life.

In the case of bipolarity the parameters that are linked to the biological clocks are exacerbated in an extreme way, in all of them it is possible to notice an exaltation of the mood, which is called mania, hypomania, or an inhibition of the mood, in this case depression.

Within the clinical picture of mania we find....

Emotional alterations, thought alterations, vital alterations and behavioral alterations. Some examples of the previous alterations are mood exaltation, euphoria, inability to solve problems, motor exaltation, greater emotional expressiveness, etc.

In mania, elevated mood, increased energy and activity, as well as decreased attention can be frequently found as symptoms of mania. The risks that are found during mania are many, one of the examples of them are aggressiveness, debts, divorce, suicide, etc. It is also important to say that in mania psychotic symptoms may occur.

Within the clinical picture of hypomania, we find...

Less severe symptoms compared to mania, less sleep disturbances, irritability and a greater tendency to be distracted.

Within the picture of mixed episodes we find...

In this case the symptoms that are presented are manic and depressive episodes, it is a combination of the two and the main characteristic is that the patient who has this disorder has a very marked affective instability.

There is bipolarity of type 1 and 2


 * Type I Bipolarity

The first type of bipolarity is associated with a strong change in functioning that is not characteristic of the individual. Other people can see the strong change in mood and functioning. This type of bipolarity is not severe enough to impair social or occupational interactions, nor does it require hospitalization. The episode cannot be attributed to physiological effects of a substance such as drugs or alcohol, it is a mental disorder of the person.


 * Bipolar disorder type 2

This type of bipolar disorder is manifested by one or more episodes of major depression, along with hypomanic episodes, at least one. The hypomania of bipolar type 2 does not require hospitalization.

Why can it be difficult to diagnose someone with bipolar disorder?

Bipolarity is one of the mental health diseases that has a very high genetic vulnerability, because many times patients who have bipolarity have a family member who has this disorder, for this reason when making a diagnosis we look for family history of patients, and in the case that bipolarity is found it helps us a lot to suspect this clinical picture. It is important to say that not only the genetic factor is found in this disorder, that is why patients suffering from bipolarity are very different from others, each patient has his individual course, for this reason it is not easy to make the diagnosis of this disorder.

The importance of treating bipolarity

It is important to treat bipolar disorder because a large percentage of untreated patients are much more likely to commit suicide. In fact, a patient with bipolar disorder is 15 times more likely to commit suicide than a person who does not have bipolar disorder. In addition to the suicides that have been consummated people with bipolar represent a quarter of all people.The International Society of bipolar disorder reported that epidemiological studies report that between 23 and 26 % of people with bipolar disorder attempt suicide, with higher rates in clinical samples (Pabón Basto, Albis Yomaira, 2021).

Treatment options

Treatment may vary according to the severity of each patient's particular situation. It is possible, for example, to resort to therapy or to use medication, both options being an important combination. Among the medications to be used are mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and antidepressants. In addition, psychoeducation will be very important for the affected person to fully understand his or her situation, and the support of his or her environment will be vital.

Finally, developing profound self-care strategies can be of great help, since the affected person will feel how he/she collaborates in his/her improvement process through measures such as a healthy lifestyle in terms of nutrition and exercise, or good sleeping habits.

Bibliography

Acuña P., Vanessa, Maldonado O., Rocío, Deischler A., ​​Christian y Cavieres F., Álvaro. (2019). Monitoreo de fuente y funcionamiento cognitivo en personas con enfermedades mentales severas. Revista chilena de neuro-psiquiatría, 57 (2), 91-99. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-92272019000200091

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM-5), 5ª Ed. Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana

Ayudantías (2021). Cápsula II: Trastorno Bipolar y Límite de la personalidad [Video]. Available in: https://youtu.be/4CCMqy5XmDA

Corrêa, Luisa Motta e Lima, Rossano CabralUma etnografia virtual em um grupo sobre o transtorno bipolar: sociabilidades e saberes produzidos no meio on-line. Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação [online]. 2020, v. 24 [Acessado 6 Dezembro 2021], e190882. Disponível em: < https://doi.org/10.1590/Interface.190882 >. Epub 16 Out 2020. ISSN 1807-5762. https://doi.org/10.1590/Interface.190882.

Ivanovic-Zuvic (2021). Clase 7, Trastornos bipolares [video]. Ucursos. https://youtu.be/jMJ5gjXMaz8

Pabón Basto, Albis Yomaira. (2021). Intentos de suicidio y trastornos mentales. Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas, 20(4), e3967. Epub 10 de agosto de 2021. Recuperado en 06 de diciembre de 2021, de http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1729-519X2021000400018&lng=es&tlng=es.