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Moomina M. Ali

Rules of Noon Sākinah and Tanween

(Silent N and Nunation)

أحكام النون الساكنة و التنوين

الساكنة و التنّوين أربعة أحكام, و هي:

A noon Sākinah is a ‘noon which is silent’ or carrying sokoon vowel.

A noon sākinah can either be written with a sokoon on top of it or without a sokoon.

Tanween is the pronunciation of a noon although it is not actually written. This is heard when we say the endings of tanween (double vowel): Fathatān, kasratān , Dammatān (  ).

There are 4 rules – these rules only apply when certain letter comes after a sokoon and tanween.

الإظهار ◾

Rule 1. The Dissimilation (Full Articulation)

The lingual meaning is to ‘show and make clear’. As a term of a At Tajweed, it aims at the clear pronunciation of each alphabet from its origin without ghunnah.

If a نْ  or is followed by any of the six throat letters, the sound of noon or tanween will be pronounced, clearly without taking the voice in nose.

Idh hār letters (throat letters) حروف الحلقية)

( ء  ه  ع  ح غ  خ)

Note: If the tanween is followed by Hamzatul Wasl (  همزة الوصل   ), the reader is supposed to pronounce the   ن  in the tanween like  ن  with kasra.

Example:

يومئذالمسقرّ

قل هو الله أحدالله الصمد

Rule 2. The Assimilation                الإدغام ◾

The lingual meaning is ‘to assimilate, insert, or merge’. As a term of At Tajweed, it aims at the mixing or merging of a Sākin (a letter having no vowel mark) into a Mutaharrik (a letter having a vowel mark) in such a way that the two letters become one like the second letter as a Mushaddad (a double letter) and the tongue works only one in this process, to pronounce the two letters like the second one.

Whenever any of the letters of assimilation (حروف الإدغام), collected as ي, ر, م, ل, و, ن) يرملون) comes after noon sākin or after tanween then the noon will be assimilated to the letters ينمو (ي, ن, م, و with ghunnah (2 vowel counts), known as  إدغام بغنةّ

Idghām bighunnah. In case of ل and ر, the assimilation will be without ghunnah, known as  إدغام بغيرغنةّ Idghām bighayri ghunnah.

Note: The noon sākinah and the Idghām letters have to be in 2 different words. In case the noon sākin occurs after Hurooful Idghām in one word, it will be obligatory to pronounce the noon clearly from its place of articulation dissimilating it from this huroof (letters).

In the term of At Tajweed, it is known as الإظهار المطلق (The Absolute Assimilation).

Only the following four words in the Qur’ān, contain this particular phonetic phenomenon:

بنيان       صنوان    قنوان    الدنّيا     دنيا

Rule 3.The Changing  (Al-Iqlaab)   الإقلاب◾

The lingual meaning is ‘to change or turn’. The term aims at the changing or turning of the letter noon into the letter meem only in pronunciation not in writing, taking care of the characteristic of Nasality

(Al-Ghunnah).

The letter found in this rule is:       ب

It is clear from the above-mentioned examples, that whenever Harful Iqlāb (حرف الإقلاب) comes after noon sākin or after noon tanween, the letter noon will be changed into the letter meem sākin.

In written texts, a small م (meem) is placed, upon the letter noon or with tanween as shown in the previous examples.

Rule 4. The Concealment          الإخفاء ◾

The literal meaning is ‘to hide’. The term aims at the pronunciation of noon sākin and tanween in the middle state of idhhār and idghām without showing Shaddah (  ) upon it, retaining the characteristic of Ghunnah. Fifteen alphabet are called Hurooful Ikhfā (حروف الإخفاء الحقيقي).

References

Al-Gazzi, Hafs (2014). Tajweed Rules of Qur’ānic Recitation: A Beginner’s Guide. International Islamic Publishing House. Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Saeed, Ahmad (2012). What is the Holy Qur’ān and How to Recite it? As It was Revealed Upon the Prophet Muhammad (saw). Darussalam, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Al Raee, Engr. Mohammad Farooq (2009). The Practical Method of Learning and Teaching the Qur’ān: Its Memorization and Recitation with Tajweed and Mastery. Furqan Group for Education and IT, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Rashed, Maha. Reach the Goal Via Tajweed Rules. A Compilation.

At-Tajweed Al-Manhaji. Committee on Curriculum.

silent’ or carrying sokoon vowel.

A noon sākinah can either be written with a sokoon on top of it or without a sokoon.

Tanween is the pronunciation of a noon although it is not actually written. This is heard when we say the endings of tanween (double vowel): Fathatān, kasratān , Dammatān (  ).

There are 4 rules – these rules only apply when certain letter comes after a sokoon and tanween.

الإظهار ◾

Rule 1. The Dissimilation (Full Articulation)

The lingual meaning is to ‘show and make clear’. As a term of a At Tajweed, it aims at the clear pronunciation of each alphabet from its origin without ghunnah.

If a نْ  or is followed by any of the six throat letters, the sound of noon or tanween will be pronounced, clearly without taking the voice in nose.

Idh hār letters (throat letters) حروف الحلقية)

( ء  ه  ع  ح غ  خ)

Note: If the tanween is followed by Hamzatul Wasl (  همزة الوصل   ), the reader is supposed to pronounce the   ن  in the tanween like  ن  with kasra.

Example:

يومئذالمسقرّ

قل هو الله أحدالله الصمد

Rule 2. The Assimilation                الإدغام ◾

The lingual meaning is ‘to assimilate, insert, or merge’. As a term of At Tajweed, it aims at the mixing or merging of a Sākin (a letter having no vowel mark) into a Mutaharrik (a letter having a vowel mark) in such a way that the two letters become one like the second letter as a Mushaddad (a double letter) and the tongue works only one in this process, to pronounce the two letters like the second one.

Whenever any of the letters of assimilation (حروف الإدغام), collected as ي, ر, م, ل, و, ن) يرملون) comes after noon sākin or after tanween then the noon will be assimilated to the letters ينمو (ي, ن, م, و with ghunnah (2 vowel counts), known as  إدغام بغنةّ

Idghām bighunnah. In case of ل and ر, the assimilation will be without ghunnah, known as  إدغام بغيرغنةّ Idghām bighayri ghunnah.

Note: The noon sākinah and the Idghām letters have to be in 2 different words. In case the noon sākin occurs after Hurooful Idghām in one word, it will be obligatory to pronounce the noon clearly from its place of articulation dissimilating it from this huroof (letters).

In the term of At Tajweed, it is known as الإظهار المطلق (The Absolute Assimilation).

Only the following four words in the Qur’ān, contain this particular phonetic phenomenon:

بنيان       صنوان    قنوان    الدنّيا     دنيا

Rule 3.The Changing  (Al-Iqlaab)   الإقلاب

The lingual meaning is ‘to change or turn’. The term aims at the changing or turning of the letter noon into the letter meem only in pronunciation not in writing, taking care of the characteristic of Nasality

(Al-Ghunnah).

The letter found in this rule is:       ب

It is clear from the above-mentioned examples, that whenever Harful Iqlāb (حرف الإقلاب) comes after noon sākin or after noon tanween, the letter noon will be changed into the letter meem sākin.

In written texts, a small م (meem) is placed, upon the letter noon or with tanween as shown in the previous examples.

Rule 4. The Concealment          الإخفاء ◾

The literal meaning is ‘to hide’. The term aims at the pronunciation of noon sākin and tanween in the middle state of idhhār and idghām without showing Shaddah (  ) upon it, retaining the characteristic of Ghunnah. Fifteen alphabet are called Hurooful Ikhfā (حروف الإخفاء الحقيقي).

References:

Al-Gazzi, Hafs (2014). Tajweed Rules of Qur’ānic Recitation: A Beginner’s Guide. International Islamic Publishing House. Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Saeed, Ahmad (2012). What is the Holy Qur’ān and How to Recite it? As It was Revealed Upon the Prophet Muhammad (saw). Darussalam, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Al Raee, Engr. Mohammad Farooq (2009). The Practical Method of Learning and Teaching the Qur’ān: Its Memorization and Recitation with Tajweed and Mastery. Furqan Group for Education and IT, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Rashed, Maha. Reach the Goal Via Tajweed Rules. A Compilation.

At-Tajweed Al-Manhaji. Committee on Curriculum.