User:Hannan Rauf Subo

THE SCIENCES OF TAJWEED

علم التّجويد

تجويد -  هو علم يبحث فيه عن مخارج الحروف وصفاتها

Tajweed – it is a knowledge in which the alphabets’ articulation places and their characteristics are discussed.

Definition of Tajweed

The lingual meaning of tajweed is (Al-Ityanu bil jayyidi) i.e to do something in a very good and excellent way.

Bases of The Importance of Learning the Arabic Phonology

Qur’anic Ayats

إِنَّ هَٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ يَهۡدِي لِلَّتِي هِيَ أَقۡوَمُ وَيُبَشِّرُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَعۡمَلُونَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ أَنَّ لَهُمۡ أَجۡرٗا كَبِيرٗا

Indeed, this Qur’an guides to that which is most suitable and gives good tidings to the believers who do righteous deeds that they will have a great reward.

اِنَّاۤ اَنۡزَلۡنٰهُ قُرۡءٰنًا عَرَبِيًّا لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تَعۡقِلُوۡنَ

We have revealed it as a Recitation1 in Arabic that you may fully understand. (Surah Yusuf:2)

Prophetic saying

The prophet (saw) said: the likeness of the believer who recites the Qur’an is that of a citron, the taste and smell of which are good. The likeness of a believer who does not read Qur’an is that of a date, the taste of which is good but it has no smell. The of a hypocrite who read Quran is that f sweet basil, the smell of which is good but its taste is bitter, and the likeness of hypocrite who does not read Quran is that of a colocynth (bitter apple), the taste of which is bitter and it has no smell.

مخارج الحروف

The articulation points of the letter-sounds

An articulation points or makhraj of a letter is simply the place in which the sound of a letter is made from. It is important to articulate the correct letter-sound from the correct articulation point; otherwise, the sound may be incorrect.

The organs of Speech

1. Hollow portion of the throat, mouth and lips                   الجوف

There is one articulation point from 3 letter-sounds which are lengthened. These lengthened letters are;

ا         و          ي

a. alif madd – an alif that is silent and comes after any letter with fatha- the short ‘a’ vowel.

b. waw madd – a waw which is silent and comes after any letter with dammah.

c. yam add – a ya which is silent and comes after any letter with a kasrah.

2. The Lips                       الشّفتين

Four letter-sounds which are articulated from here.

ب          م         و

Articulation points are from the two lips together

ف

Articulation point is between the inside of the lower lip and the tips of the front incisor.

3. The Throat 				     الحلق

أدني الحلق     خ غ	The top

وسط الحلق      ح ع	The middle

أقصي الحلق. ء ه 	The bottom

4. The tongue			          السان

There are 18 letters-sounds which are articulated from it. The tongue has four parts.

أصي السان    ق ك	Deepest part of the tongue

وسط السان ج ش ي	The middle part of the tongue

حافة السان ض ل	The side of the tongue

طرف السان ت ث د ذ ر ز س ص ط ظ ن	The tip of the tongue

5. The nasal passage          		الخيشوم

طرق التلاوة

Styles of the recitation

There three popular ways on styles to recite the Holy Quran on account of both speed and intonation. All are correct whichever is one chosen.

At Tahqeeq/Tarteel (التحقيق-الترتيل)

This is the recitation which is at a slow pace pronouncing the alphabet from their places of articulation with their characteristics. all the rules of tajweed are encapsulated within the recitation and the reader is able to comprehend and ponder of what is being read. This way recitation is considered the best way of recitation.

At Tadweer (التدوير)

This is recitation which is at a medium pace and speed the speed is slightly faster from that of At Tahreeq. All letters are articulated with clarity and their sifat and all the rules of tajweed are still followed in this speed of recitation.

Al Hadr (الحدر)

This means to recite the Holy Quran quickly, caring from all the rules and principles of tajweed while reading at this speed, the mudood, ghunnah, and other rules can be leased in length of duration.

أداب ثلاوة القرأن

Manners of the Quran Reciter

A person who is going to recite the Quran must have a pure intention (niyyah) and must fulfill three main conditions:

The first condition of reciting the Quran is tahara (ritual purity or cleanliness). The one who is in the state of janabah (sexual impurity) may not recite the Quran from memory nor touch the mushaf unti he/she perform ghusl. However, is in minor state of impurity and has not performed ablution, may recite the Quran from memory but should not touch the mushaf.

ALLAH (swt) says:

لايمسّه إلاّ المطهّرون

None can touch it except the purified. (Al Waqi’ah :79)

The second condition is to seek refuge from the devil before reciting the Quran. This is done by saying أعوذباالله من الشيطان الرّجيم - I seek refuge in ALLAH from the outcast devil.

ALLAH (swt) says:

فإذا قرأت القرءن فستعذ با الله من الشيطان الرّجيم

So when you recite Quran, seek refuge with ALLAH from Satan, the outcast. (An-Nahl:98)

The third condition is to say بسم لله الرّحمان الرّحيم

In the name of ALLAH, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

This incumbent upon the reciter to say at the beginning of every surah except for surah At Tawbah. The accepted view is that the purpose of bismillah is to divide between the chapter.