Help:Search Engine Optimization

Search Engine Optimization, or SEO, is a multi-discipline field that helps to make your site more visible and brings more visitors to your community through prime placement on search engine results pages (abbreviated as "SERPs"). SEO best practices are constantly changing and evolving; techniques that would have been impactful during the earliest days of the web have become table stakes and are essential to being indexed. The best way to climb the SERPs is to build unique, engaging content and share it online with others who are as passionate about the topic as you are. Google and other commercial search engines use complex algorithms that consider hundreds of factors before ranking pages by their relevance and usefulness. Communities that earn first page (or first position!) placement are considered authorities in their area.

Exactly how much influence each ranking factor has is kept secret by the search engines, and changed often to discourage those looking to game the system and to keep up with searchers' behavior, such as the increased use of mobile devices over time. These changes have made some strategies ineffective over time, but both new and established Fandom communities can benefit from some tried-and-true SEO best practices.

Before exploring the qualities search engines are looking for in a first position result, it is helpful to understand how a community's images or article pages end up in a search index in the first place.

Crawling and Indexation
Crawling is the first step in indexation. Search engines send out automated bots (also known as "spiders") that access each site like an extremely fast user, and scan page titles, note image names and placement, and check the usage of keywords common to other documents in their index.

Search engines use the data from crawls to decide which pages should or should not be added to their database. Remember that search results are an incomplete listing of the available documents on a particular topic, so they are not an accurate picture of the entire internet. Rather, search engine databases hold selected data so that billions of pages can be accessed in a fraction of a second.

So how can a community ensure that its pages are indexed and ranked above the rest? It begins with the content on your pages.

Content
When it comes to actual content, what you put on the pages is as important as the structure you choose, if not more. Wikis that contain little to no information are likely to be penalized in search results and avoided by users.

In other words, content is king. There might be a vibrant community growing around the wiki, social media activity and whatnot, but these are all tangential concerns. A wiki lives and dies by the content it has and the vast majority of visitors will be users only interested in finding specific information.

You come for the content, you stay for the content.

Planning
To build effective content, we first need to ask ourselves what the fans will be looking for regarding the franchise we are talking about. Although the methods vary, the three questions we should ask ourselves are:
 * 1) What information will the fans need?
 * 2) How will they look for it?
 * 3) How should we present the information?

There is no hard and fast rule that can apply to all wikis (unfortunately), so determining the kind of content to focus on is an art, not a science, as with SEO in general. However, making sure you are answering specific questions fans might have is a good rule of thumb and helps focus on the softer side of SEO, the user experience.

The admins have access to  which has a section for the most searched terms for the wiki. Any words on that list should either link directly to a page by that name or have a redirect to a page which covers that general topic.

On-Page Elements
On-page SEO concerns include everything from how your URL is structured to how fast your pages load, but some of the most important page elements are in the hands of community members like you.

Keywords Usage and Placement
In earliest days of the internet, search engines broke queries into keywords components and searched for exact matches on the web. Today, Google utilizes semantic search to process the intention of a user's query and aid in disambiguation. This is why searches for "Spider-Man" and "Spider Man" have the same results, and the reason the query "Nashville" brings up things to do in Tennessee, while "Nashville Cast" leads to Connie Britton's filmography.

It was once a common SEO practice to include blocks of related terms on a single page to capture the bots' attention, but today this technique makes search engines think you are a robot! Modern search algorithms prefer natural human language and are on guard against sites that have thin or machine-generated content.

Consider the page being created or edited and ask: "If I wanted to find this page using a search engine, what words would I put in the search bar?" Those are the best terms to include in the article name. Include synonyms in page content where appropriate (e.g. Grand Theft Auto, GTA cars, GTA vehicles, cars in Grand Theft Auto), but each usage should seem natural.

However, be careful not to make the text too repetitive. Consider using synonyms where possible. Repeating the same phrase over and over can be unnatural and machine-like.

Content is deemed relevant when it is a close or exact match to searchers queries, so keyword research can be helpful when deciding which keywords to include.

File Names and Descriptions
Google and other search engines are getting better at understanding video and images, but detailed file names and descriptions send strong, clear signals to the bots. This best practice also helps blind and visually impaired users who use screen readers to access Fandom.



For example, the file name for this picture of Steve Rogers should include "Steve Rogers" and/or "Captain America." The image description could include more details like "Commander Steve Rogers in Avengers Vol 5 Issue 37."

Something even more useful to people with visual disabilities is alt text. It can be added when adding an image in source editing mode. Alt text is read by screen readers instead of images and further improves SEO, so you include more readers and optimize your wiki at the same time.

If your files are big, try to compress them before uploading them to Fandom. Large amounts of big files can slow down page loading and worsen the SEO.

Links
Internal linking improves user experience and helps search bots find and index content. Remember that search spiders access pages through links.

Imagine a visitor who is learning about this topic for the first time. Where are the natural places they would want to click to learn more? That is where you should add a link.
 * Don't go overboard. It is estimated that search bots follow 100-200 links (including those in the header and footer) before giving up.
 * Mix up the anchor text where possible throughout the community, even if you only link out to a single article just once per page. An article about Harry Potter might link to one about Voldemort from either "The Dark Lord" or "He Who Must Not Be Named."
 * Use the Special:DeadendPages page on your community to find articles without links (no dead ends!) and clean up any red links in Special:WantedPages.
 * Categories build the architecture of a community and help humans and bots understand the relationship between pages, so use the Special:UncategorizedPages page to find and clean up uncategorized pages.
 * Try to avoid plain, long lists of links. These and category pages tend to "cannibalize" eachother, so either use a list with short summaries, a table, or link to a category page.

Top navigation
When you edit your wiki's top navigation, prioritize wiki content, especially most recent releases and popular content. Prioritizing means placing them in first navigation tabs to the left. You can find what's most viewed and searched in the Analytics dashboard.

For example, if a wiki is about a TV show, the first tabs should contain information about the seasons (and that tab should have a link to the newest season), the show itself, the characters, the locations, etc. Of course, if types of content different than characters and locations are important and popular, then those should be used.

Keep the tab names clear. It should be obvious what users can find under each navigation tab.

Many wikis have an additional tab with important links to various pages about rules, administrators, guidelines and such. If you need to include it, that tab should be the last one.

Main page
The main page of a wiki is one of the most important pages. It is often one of the most common results for general wiki-related searches. This is because it not only receives a lot of traffic as the hub for the wiki project, but also because it tends to contain a large amount of keywords associated with the topic of the wiki.

Main pages should always contain as many general and topic-specific keywords as possible. Even on newer projects creating so-called "stub pages" for all the main content areas (e.g. Characters, Items, Places, Events, etc.) and linking them prominently on the main page should be a priority. Note that these stub pages should contain at least one full sentence describing the purpose of the page and also at least one link to other content page on the wiki. Including commonly-searched keywords related to the topic can also be helpful if there is a reasonable way to include them.

If you include timely content on your main page, such as "News," "Release notes," or similar, make sure that these sections are reliably updated. If not, you risk search engine crawlers viewing the page content as "stale," which can affect search rankings. In lieu of a separate news section, you could also place the RSS feed of an official source (like the twitter account of the author or the company that created the franchise that is the topic of the wiki).

CSS and JS
Avoid overloading your wiki's local CSS and JS pages. Don't import over 20 different fonts to customize each admin username separately or more Dev Wiki scripts than you'll actually use. Keep it limited to what you need. That includes not overdoing CSS and JS written by yourself, as well.

That doesn't mean you should not import anything or not customize your wiki (within the customization policy, of course). Simply consider whether you're importing and writing as much as possible on a whim, or adding code on purpose.

Remember to avoid adding popups and other intrusive elements with your JS to reduce your wiki pages' bounce rate.

Things to avoid

 * Avoid using links that require redirection, meaning you should avoid to link redirects in the page. Always use the most direct link possible.
 * Avoid using Category namespace pages as key hubs on the wiki like they were content pages. Create top level articles and use a good categorization: categories are not to be used as content pages but to categorize content pages.
 * Avoid creating News or Updates sections if you cannot update them on a regular basis. Think about using an RSS or Twitter feed instead if it exists.
 * Avoid repeating content on other pages without reason. Apart from increasing the maintenance overhead, duplicate content on the same page gets penalized in search results.
 * Never copy content from other sites. This can cause issues with copyrights and duplicate content will be penalized in search results. Always rewrite using your own words.

Off-Page Concerns
Strange as it may seem, about half of the ranking potential of a community comes from factors outside of its direct control. Being the first to publish about a topic, earning (not purchasing) links from other respected sites, or becoming the topic of discussion on social media can have a significant impact on rankings.

It was once possible to guide the bots by posting links to a new community in directories, forums, and blog comments sections, but today most of those sites automatically add a  attribute that tells search bots not to pass the value of that link back to your community.

Best practices for individual communities are to support and encourage new contributors and focus on building quality content and to let natural external linking build from there.

Related blog posts

 * Intro to SEO
 * Search Suggest, Trends, and Content Coverage
 * The Importance of Images
 * Using Keywords Without Stuffing or Spamming
 * Fandom's Best Practices Help page and blog document SEO best practices extensively

Further help and feedback
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