User:Mahmudaz



'''21Q:How Google search engine searches whatever I want???? '''

Short Answer: Search engines are commonly used to search for information on the Internet. Nowadays, the well-known search engines, such as Google, Yahoo, Wiki, MSN, Bing etc, have provided the us good search results based on our search requirement.

High-ranking websites generate the most traffic, thereby creating the largest commercial opportunities Google is unique in its focus on developing the perfect search engine that understands accurately what users mean and gives them back precisely the desired information. It combines ‘PageRank technology’ with complex ‘text-matching techniques’ to ensure its search quality. PageRank Technology is adopted to examine the entire link structure of the Internet and locate the most important pages. This Technology actually measures the importance of web pages by solving an equation of more than 500 million variables and 2 billion terms.

Long Answer: 

General Architecture of a Search Engine: 



 •           Spider (Crawler)-Its purpose is to gather information.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""> •           <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Indexer-It analyzes information the information of the Spider

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""> •           <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Searcher-Rank the information from the spider

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">  <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Different Page Rank Algorithm: 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";">Although overall ranking is determined by considering many other factors but Google claims that the heart of its search engine software is PageRank. The PageRank algorithm assigns a PageRank score to more than 25 billion web pages on the WWW. <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT">During the <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"">processing of a query, Google’s search algorithm combines <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"> p recomputed PageRank scores with text matching scores to obtain an overall ranking score for each web page. A simplified version of PageRank is

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">defined in

<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:normal;tab-stops:333.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">Where u represents a web page, B(u) is the set of pages that point to u. PR(u) and PR(v) are rank scores of page u and v, respectively. Nv denotes the number of outgoing links of page v, c is a factor used for normalization. In PageRank, the rank score of a page, p, is evenly divided among its outgoing links. The values assigned to the outgoing links of page p are in turn used to calculate the ranks of the pages to which page p is pointing. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"> But the above equation is no longer useful because of the dandling node-most of the time we have great chance not to get an exact PageRank information.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">Later PageRank was modified observing that not all users follow the direct links on WWW. The modified version is given in

<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace: none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;mso-no-proof:yes">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> where PRori(A) is the Original Google PageRank of page A; PRori(Ti) is the Original Google PageRank of pages Ti that link to page A; C(Ti) is the number of outbound links on page Ti; d is a damping factor which can be set between 0 and 1; n is the total number of all pages that link to page A. Within the Original PageRank algorithm, the PageRank of a page T is constantly weighted by the number of outbound links C(T) on page T. Restated, the more outbound links a page T has,

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">the less page A benefits from a link to it on page T. The additional inbound link for page A increases page A’s PageRank.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> Finally, the sum of the weighted Page Ranks of all pages Ti is multiplied by a damping factor d, generally set to 0.85 <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">can be thought of as the probability of users’ following the <span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT">links and could regard <span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">(1 − d) as the page rank distribution

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;tab-stops:2.5in; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">from non-directly linked pages. <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The PageRank theory holds that even an imaginary surfer who is randomly clicking on links will eventually stop clicking. The probability, at any step, that the person will continue is a damping factor d.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;tab-stops:2.5in; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal;tab-stops:2.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Fig: Effect of Damping Factor on page ranking using Original Google PageRank

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal;tab-stops:2.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">  <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">In the second version of the algorithm, the PageRank of page A is given as 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal;tab-stops:2.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">  <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">                                                            

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">where PRsec(A) is the second version PageRank of page A; PRsec(Ti) is the second version PageRank of pages Ti that link to page A; C(Ti) is the number of outbound links on page Ti. N is the total number of all pages on the web. As mentioned above, the two versions of the algorithm do not differ fundamentally from each other. The second algorithm merely adapts (1-d)/N to replace (1-d) as for the Random Surfer Model, the second version PageRank of a page denotes the real probability of a random surfer reaching that page after clicking on many links. The PageRanks form a probability distribution over web pages, explaining why the sum of PageRanks of all pages is 1.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal;tab-stops:2.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal;tab-stops:2.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">  <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Using Link Types in Web Page Ranking and Filtering: 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal;tab-stops:2.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">  <span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">There are also some other methods of page ranking. Such that <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">page ranking can be propagational through links and the propagational rates <span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> <span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">depend <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">on <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">the types of the links and users’ specific set of <span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> <span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">interests. Page filtering can be decided based on link <span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">types combined with some other information relevant to <span style="font-size: 13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">links. For either a ranking or filtering task, a profile <span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">containing a set of ranking or filtering rules to be

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">followed inthe task can be specijied to reflect users ’specific interests. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Formally <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">semantic link     <span style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">βϵᴧ <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">consists of the following components

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">β= <tβ, Snβ,dnβ,Aβ,αβ> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">tβ ϵ Tᴧ <span style="font-size:16.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">is the link type

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Snβ ϵ <span style="font-size:16.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> <span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">N <span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">denotes the source node of the link β

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">dnβ <span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> <span style="font-size: 18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">ϵ N <span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">denotes the destination node of the link β

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Aβ <span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">={a1β,a2β,……akβ} Aβ  <span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">is the subset of <span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> Aᴧ <span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">which is a set of structed link attributes

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">αβ ϵ ∑ <span style="font-size:16.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">is a free text annotation to the link.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Additional Factors Influencing PageRank: 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""> •           <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Visibility of a link

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""> •           <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Position of a link within a document

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""> •           <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Distance between web pages

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""> •           <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Importance of a linking page

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""> •           <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Up-to-datedness of a linking page

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Effect of Inbound Link: 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> (1)     <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Inbound link is one of the most important factor of   successful search engine optimization.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> (2)     <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">It helps to get attention of majority of users.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> (3)     <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family:+mn-ea;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:#262626">It helps to increase   traffic, page rank and position of a specific web page.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> (4)     <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family:+mn-ea;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:#262626">If inbound link has specific key word Google always give them more value

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> (5)     <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family:+mn-ea;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:#262626">It increases marketing opportunity.

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">  <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Effect of Outbound Link: 

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<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:-.25in;line-height: 115%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> (1)     <span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The building of outbound links is also valuable for building relationships.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:-.25in; line-height:115%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace: none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> (2)     <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Additional link may bring additional traffic to that site. The site owner might eventually take notice on what is going on that site.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:115%; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:115%;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">(3) It makes aware of other business community to any specific webpage.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:115%; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:115%;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">(4) It could open the door for joint ventures and other marketing opportunities.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:115%;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">(5) Outbound link can raise credibility of visitors of any specific site.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace: none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">References: <span style="font-size:40.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#1F497D;mso-themecolor:text2;letter-spacing:-1.0pt;mso-font-kerning:12.0pt">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"> [1]“Damping factor in Google page ranking”Hwai-Hui Fu*, y , Dennis K. J. Lin and Hsien-TangTsai

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> Department of Business Administration, Shu-Te University, 59 Hun Shan Road, Yen Chau, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, 2006 IEEE

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> [2]” <span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Using Link Types in Web Page Ranking and Filtering”Zhanzi Qiu <span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, Matthias Hemmje, Erich J. Neuhold. <span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif""> 0-7695-1393-WO2 $17.00 <span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">0 <span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">2002 IEEE 

<span style="font-size:9.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[3]” <span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Page Ranking Based on Number of Visits of Links of Web Page” <span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"> <span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Gyanendra Kumar <span style="font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">1 <span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">, Neelam Duhan <span style="font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">2 <span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">, A. K. Sharma. <span style="font-size:8.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"> International Conference on Computer & Communication Technology (ICCCT)-2011